Production Deployment Guide | Kimberlite Docs

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Table of Contents
Overview
Key Design Principles
Hardware Requirements
Minimum Production Specifications
Capacity Planning
Storage Selection
Cluster Sizing
3-Replica vs 5-Replica Clusters
Geographic Distribution
Configuration Checklist
Pre-Deployment Validation
Configuration File (kimberlite.toml)
Environment Variables
Deployment Architecture
Kubernetes Deployment (Recommended)
Docker Compose (Development/Testing)
Monitoring Setup
Prometheus Metrics
Grafana Dashboards
Backup and Disaster Recovery
Backup Strategy
Disaster Recovery Procedures
Security Hardening
TLS Configuration
Firewall Rules
Secrets Management
Compliance Validation
Pre-Production Compliance Checklist
Generating Compliance Reports
Performance Tuning
Kernel Parameters (Linux)
NVMe Tuning
Troubleshooting
References

Target Audience: DevOps Engineers, SREs, Platform Teams Use Case: Production deployment for regulated industries (healthcare, finance, government) Compliance Focus: HIPAA, GDPR, SOC 2, PCI DSS, ISO 27001, FedRAMP

Overview
Hardware Requirements
Cluster Sizing
Configuration Checklist
Deployment Architecture
Monitoring Setup
Backup and Disaster Recovery
Security Hardening
Compliance Validation
Performance Tuning
Troubleshooting

Overview

Kimberlite is a compliance-first, formally verified database designed for regulated industries. This guide covers production-grade deployment with emphasis on:

Formal Verification: 143 Kani proofs, 31 theorems (TLA+/Coq), 49 VOPR scenarios
Compliance: HIPAA (98%), GDPR (95%), SOC 2 (90%), PCI DSS (90%)
Zero-downtime operations: Rolling upgrades, cluster reconfiguration, standby replicas
Operational maturity: Monitoring, backup/DR, incident response

Key Design Principles

Correctness over performance: Formal verification ensures safety
Immutable audit logs: Hash-chained, tamper-evident
Multi-tenant isolation: Cryptographic separation (AES-256-GCM per tenant)
Geographic redundancy: Standby replicas for DR without quorum overhead

Hardware Requirements

Minimum Production Specifications

Active Replicas (3-5 nodes):

Resource	Minimum	Recommended	Notes
CPU	8 cores	16 cores	Intel Xeon/AMD EPYC, AVX2 for crypto
RAM	32 GB	64 GB	Kernel state, log cache, crypto buffers
Disk	500 GB NVMe SSD	1 TB NVMe SSD	Sustained 50K IOPS, <1ms latency
Network	10 Gbps	25 Gbps	Low latency <1ms RTT between replicas
Redundancy	RAID 1	RAID 10	Disk failure tolerance

Standby Replicas (DR/Read Scaling):

Resource	Minimum	Recommended	Notes
CPU	4 cores	8 cores	Read-only workload
RAM	16 GB	32 GB	Reduced requirements (no quorum)
Disk	500 GB NVMe SSD	1 TB NVMe SSD	Same as active replicas
Network	1 Gbps	10 Gbps	Geographic DR tolerates higher latency

Capacity Planning

Log Growth Estimation:

Daily Log Size = Avg Event Size × Events/Second × 86400 seconds

Example (Healthcare Application):
- Avg Event Size: 2 KB (patient record update)
- Events/Second: 500 writes/sec
- Daily Growth: 2 KB × 500 × 86400 = 86 GB/day
- Monthly Growth: 86 GB × 30 = 2.6 TB/month
- Annual Growth: 2.6 TB × 12 = 31 TB/year

Recommendation: Provision 50 TB per replica (18 months retention)

RAM Requirements:

Kernel State = Stream Count × Avg Stream State Size
             + Crypto Buffers (2 GB)
             + Log Cache (10% of disk)

Example:
- 100K active streams
- 128 bytes per stream state
- Log cache: 100 GB (10% of 1 TB disk)

Total RAM: (100K × 128 bytes) + 2 GB + 100 GB = 115 GB
Recommendation: 128 GB RAM with overhead

Storage Selection

Recommended NVMe SSDs:

Vendor	Model	IOPS	Latency	Endurance
Samsung	PM9A3	1M IOPS	100μs	1 DWPD
Intel	P5800X (Optane)	1.5M IOPS	10μs	100 DWPD
Micron	7450 Pro	1.4M IOPS	80μs	3 DWPD

CRITICAL: Do NOT use QLC NAND (poor write endurance). Use TLC or better.

Cluster Sizing

3-Replica vs 5-Replica Clusters

Aspect	3-Replica	5-Replica
Quorum Size	2 nodes	3 nodes
Fault Tolerance	1 node failure	2 node failures
Latency	Lower (smaller quorum)	Higher (+15-20%)
Throughput	Higher	Lower (more coordination)
Compliance	HIPAA/GDPR sufficient	FedRAMP/High Security
Cost	Lower (3 nodes)	Higher (5 nodes)
When to Use	Standard production	Mission-critical, regulatory

Recommendation: Start with 3-replica, upgrade to 5-replica if:

Regulatory requirement (FedRAMP, DoD)
Mission-critical (financial trading, emergency services)
Multi-region deployment (2 failures tolerated)

Geographic Distribution

Single-Region (3 Availability Zones):

Region: US-East-1
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  AZ-1           AZ-2           AZ-3                          │
│  ┌───────┐      ┌───────┐      ┌───────┐                    │
│  │  R0   │      │  R1   │      │  R2   │                    │
│  │Primary│◄────►│Backup │◄────►│Backup │                    │
│  └───────┘      └───────┘      └───────┘                    │
│                                                               │
│  Latency: <1ms intra-AZ, 1-2ms cross-AZ                     │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Multi-Region (Active + Standby DR):

Primary Region: US-East-1           DR Region: US-West-2
┌──────────────────────────┐        ┌──────────────────────────┐
│  Active Cluster (3x)     │        │  Standby Replicas (2x)   │
│  ┌───────┐ ┌───────┐    │        │  ┌───────┐ ┌───────┐    │
│  │  R0   │ │  R1   │    │  Async │  │  S0   │ │  S1   │    │
│  │Primary│ │Backup │    │────────►  │  DR   │ │  DR   │    │
│  └───────┘ └───────┘    │        │  └───────┘ └───────┘    │
│  Quorum: 2/3             │        │  NOT in quorum           │
└──────────────────────────┘        └──────────────────────────┘

Latency: 50-100ms cross-region
Failover: Promote standby to active (manual or automatic)
RPO: <1 second (standby lag)
RTO: <60 seconds (promotion time)

Configuration Checklist

Pre-Deployment Validation

Hardware verified: NVMe SSDs, 10+ Gbps network, 64+ GB RAM
OS hardened: SELinux/AppArmor enabled, firewall configured
Time sync configured: NTP/Chrony with <10ms offset
DNS resolution: All replica hostnames resolvable
TLS certificates: Valid certs for all replicas (Let’s Encrypt or internal CA)
Monitoring agents: Prometheus exporters installed
Backup storage: S3/GCS bucket configured for snapshots
Compliance reviewed: HIPAA/GDPR checklist completed

Configuration File (kimberlite.toml)

# kimberlite.toml - Production Configuration

[cluster]
# Active replicas (participate in quorum)
replicas = [
    { id = 0, address = "replica-0.kimberlite.prod:7000" },
    { id = 1, address = "replica-1.kimberlite.prod:7000" },
    { id = 2, address = "replica-2.kimberlite.prod:7000" },
]

# Cluster-wide settings
heartbeat_interval_ms = 100
election_timeout_ms = 1000
max_batch_size = 1000
log_compaction_interval_hours = 24

[storage]
# Log storage path
data_dir = "/var/lib/kimberlite/data"
wal_dir = "/var/lib/kimberlite/wal"  # Separate disk for WAL (optional)
max_log_size_gb = 1000
sync_on_write = true  # fsync after every write (compliance requirement)

[crypto]
# Master encryption key (load from HSM or KMS in production)
master_key_source = "aws-kms"  # or "vault", "pkcs11"
master_key_id = "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:123456789:key/abcd-1234"

# Encryption settings
algorithm = "AES-256-GCM"
key_rotation_days = 90
enforce_encryption_at_rest = true

[compliance]
# Data classification levels
data_classification = ["PHI", "PII", "Confidential", "Public"]

# Audit settings
audit_log_enabled = true
audit_log_path = "/var/lib/kimberlite/audit.log"
audit_log_immutable = true  # Tamper-evident hash chain

# Retention policies (regulatory requirements)
min_retention_days = 2555  # 7 years (HIPAA)
max_retention_days = 3650  # 10 years

[standby]
# Standby replicas for DR and read scaling (optional)
replicas = [
    { id = 100, address = "standby-0.kimberlite.dr:7000" },
    { id = 101, address = "standby-1.kimberlite.dr:7000" },
]

# Auto-promotion settings
auto_promote_on_failure = false  # Manual promotion for safety
max_lag_ms = 100  # Mark ineligible if lag exceeds threshold

[monitoring]
# Prometheus metrics endpoint
metrics_address = "0.0.0.0:9090"

# Health check endpoint
health_check_address = "0.0.0.0:8080"

# Logging
log_level = "info"
log_format = "json"  # Structured logging for SIEM integration
log_output = "/var/log/kimberlite/server.log"

[security]
# TLS configuration
tls_enabled = true
tls_cert_path = "/etc/kimberlite/certs/server.crt"
tls_key_path = "/etc/kimberlite/certs/server.key"
tls_ca_path = "/etc/kimberlite/certs/ca.crt"
tls_client_auth = "require"  # Mutual TLS

# Network security
bind_address = "0.0.0.0:7000"  # Cluster replication
client_address = "0.0.0.0:7001"  # Client connections

# Rate limiting
max_connections = 10000
max_requests_per_second = 50000

Environment Variables

# Production environment variables
export KIMBERLITE_ENV=production
export KIMBERLITE_CONFIG=/etc/kimberlite/kimberlite.toml
export KIMBERLITE_DATA_DIR=/var/lib/kimberlite/data
export KIMBERLITE_LOG_LEVEL=info

# AWS KMS (for master key)
export AWS_REGION=us-east-1
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY

# Monitoring
export PROMETHEUS_PUSHGATEWAY=http://pushgateway.monitoring.svc:9091

Deployment Architecture

Kubernetes Deployment (Recommended)

StatefulSet for Active Replicas:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: kimberlite
  namespace: production
spec:
  serviceName: kimberlite
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kimberlite
      role: active
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kimberlite
        role: active
    spec:
      # Anti-affinity: Spread replicas across nodes/AZs
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: app
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - kimberlite
              topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone

      containers:
        - name: kimberlite
          image: kimberlite/server:v0.4.0
          ports:
            - containerPort: 7000  # Cluster replication
              name: cluster
            - containerPort: 7001  # Client connections
              name: client
            - containerPort: 9090  # Prometheus metrics
              name: metrics
          env:
            - name: KIMBERLITE_REPLICA_ID
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: KIMBERLITE_CONFIG
              value: /etc/kimberlite/kimberlite.toml
          volumeMounts:
            - name: data
              mountPath: /var/lib/kimberlite/data
            - name: config
              mountPath: /etc/kimberlite
          resources:
            requests:
              memory: "64Gi"
              cpu: "16"
            limits:
              memory: "64Gi"
              cpu: "16"
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            periodSeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /ready
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 5

  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: data
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
        storageClassName: fast-nvme
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 1Ti

Service for Client Connections:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kimberlite-client
  namespace: production
spec:
  selector:
    app: kimberlite
    role: active
  ports:
    - port: 7001
      targetPort: client
      name: client
  type: LoadBalancer
  sessionAffinity: ClientIP  # Sticky sessions

Docker Compose (Development/Testing)

version: '3.9'

services:
  replica-0:
    image: kimberlite/server:v0.4.0
    container_name: kimberlite-replica-0
    environment:
      - KIMBERLITE_REPLICA_ID=0
      - KIMBERLITE_CONFIG=/etc/kimberlite/kimberlite.toml
    volumes:
      - ./data/replica-0:/var/lib/kimberlite/data
      - ./config:/etc/kimberlite
    ports:
      - "7000:7000"  # Cluster
      - "7001:7001"  # Client
      - "9090:9090"  # Metrics
    networks:
      - kimberlite

  replica-1:
    image: kimberlite/server:v0.4.0
    container_name: kimberlite-replica-1
    environment:
      - KIMBERLITE_REPLICA_ID=1
      - KIMBERLITE_CONFIG=/etc/kimberlite/kimberlite.toml
    volumes:
      - ./data/replica-1:/var/lib/kimberlite/data
      - ./config:/etc/kimberlite
    ports:
      - "7010:7000"
      - "7011:7001"
      - "9091:9090"
    networks:
      - kimberlite

  replica-2:
    image: kimberlite/server:v0.4.0
    container_name: kimberlite-replica-2
    environment:
      - KIMBERLITE_REPLICA_ID=2
      - KIMBERLITE_CONFIG=/etc/kimberlite/kimberlite.toml
    volumes:
      - ./data/replica-2:/var/lib/kimberlite/data
      - ./config:/etc/kimberlite
    ports:
      - "7020:7000"
      - "7021:7001"
      - "9092:9090"
    networks:
      - kimberlite

networks:
  kimberlite:
    driver: bridge

Monitoring Setup

Prometheus Metrics

Key Metrics to Monitor:

# Cluster Health
kimberlite_cluster_replicas_total{status="healthy"}  # Expect: 3 (or 5)
kimberlite_cluster_leader_id                          # Current primary

# Consensus Performance
kimberlite_consensus_commits_total                    # Throughput
kimberlite_consensus_commit_latency_seconds{quantile="0.99"}  # p99 latency
kimberlite_consensus_view_changes_total               # View change frequency

# Replication Lag
kimberlite_replication_lag_ops{replica_id="1"}       # Operations behind leader
kimberlite_replication_lag_ms{replica_id="1"}        # Time behind leader

# Storage
kimberlite_storage_log_size_bytes                     # Log file size
kimberlite_storage_disk_usage_percent                 # Disk utilization
kimberlite_storage_fsync_latency_seconds{quantile="0.99"}  # Disk performance

# Standby Replicas (if deployed)
kimberlite_standby_lag_ms{replica_id="100"}          # Standby replication lag
kimberlite_standby_promotion_eligible{replica_id="100"}  # 1 = eligible

# Formal Verification (Runtime Assertions)
kimberlite_assertion_failures_total                   # Expect: 0 always
kimberlite_kani_proof_coverage_percent                # Expect: 100%

# Compliance
kimberlite_audit_log_entries_total                    # Audit trail completeness
kimberlite_encryption_operations_total{operation="encrypt"}
kimberlite_hash_chain_verifications_total{result="success"}

Prometheus Configuration:

# prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'kimberlite'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
          - 'replica-0:9090'
          - 'replica-1:9090'
          - 'replica-2:9090'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: instance

# Alerting rules
rule_files:
  - /etc/prometheus/alerts/kimberlite.yml

Grafana Dashboards

Dashboard 1: Cluster Overview

Cluster health (replicas up/down)
Leader election history
Commit throughput and latency
Replication lag per replica

Dashboard 2: Storage and Performance

Disk IOPS and throughput
fsync latency (p50, p99, p999)
Log file growth rate
Compaction status

Dashboard 3: Compliance and Audit

Audit log entries per hour
Encryption operations rate
Hash chain verification status
Data classification distribution

Dashboard 4: Formal Verification

Kani proof coverage
Runtime assertion failures (CRITICAL: must be 0)
VOPR scenario pass rate (from nightly runs)

Backup and Disaster Recovery

Backup Strategy

1. Continuous Replication (Primary):

Active replicas maintain 3 copies (quorum = 2/3)
Standby replicas in DR region (geographic redundancy)
RPO: <1 second (standby lag)

2. Snapshot Backups (Secondary):

# Daily snapshots to S3
#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

REPLICA_ID=0
BACKUP_DIR="/var/lib/kimberlite/backup"
S3_BUCKET="s3://kimberlite-backups-prod"
TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)

# 1. Quiesce writes (optional, reduces snapshot inconsistency)
kimberlite-cli replica pause --replica-id $REPLICA_ID

# 2. Create snapshot
tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/snapshot-$TIMESTAMP.tar.gz" \
    /var/lib/kimberlite/data

# 3. Resume writes
kimberlite-cli replica resume --replica-id $REPLICA_ID

# 4. Upload to S3 with encryption
aws s3 cp "$BACKUP_DIR/snapshot-$TIMESTAMP.tar.gz" \
    "$S3_BUCKET/snapshots/" \
    --server-side-encryption AES256

# 5. Verify backup integrity
aws s3api head-object \
    --bucket kimberlite-backups-prod \
    --key "snapshots/snapshot-$TIMESTAMP.tar.gz" \
    --checksum-mode ENABLED

# 6. Cleanup old local snapshots (keep last 7 days)
find "$BACKUP_DIR" -name "snapshot-*.tar.gz" -mtime +7 -delete

echo "Backup completed: snapshot-$TIMESTAMP.tar.gz"

Backup Schedule:

Hourly: Incremental backups (last 24 hours retained locally)
Daily: Full snapshots to S3 (30 days retained)
Weekly: Long-term retention (7 years for HIPAA compliance)

Disaster Recovery Procedures

Scenario 1: Single Replica Failure

# Automatic recovery (no action needed)
# - Cluster continues with 2/3 quorum
# - Monitor: kimberlite_cluster_replicas_total

# If replica doesn't auto-recover:
# 1. Check replica health
kimberlite-cli replica status --replica-id 2

# 2. Restart replica (Kubernetes auto-restarts)
kubectl delete pod kimberlite-2 -n production

# 3. Verify replica rejoins cluster
kimberlite-cli cluster status

Scenario 2: Entire Region Failure (Multi-Region Setup)

# CRITICAL: Requires human approval (risk of data loss if standby lagged)

# 1. Verify primary region is DOWN
ping replica-0.us-east-1.prod  # No response

# 2. Check standby replica status in DR region
kimberlite-cli standby status --replica-id 100
# Expected: promotion_eligible=true, lag_ms < 100

# 3. Promote standby to active (manual approval required)
kimberlite-cli cluster reconfig promote-standby \
    --replica-id 100 \
    --new-primary \
    --approve-data-loss-risk

# 4. Verify new cluster operational
kimberlite-cli cluster status
# Expected: leader_id=100, replicas=[100,101], status=healthy

# 5. Update DNS to point to DR region
aws route53 change-resource-record-sets \
    --hosted-zone-id Z1234567890ABC \
    --change-batch file://failover-to-dr.json

# 6. Monitor for stability
# RTO: <60 seconds (promotion + DNS propagation)
# RPO: <1 second (standby lag at time of failure)

Scenario 3: Data Corruption Detection

# Runtime assertion failure detected (CRITICAL ALERT)

# 1. Immediately isolate affected replica
kimberlite-cli replica isolate --replica-id 1 --reason "corruption-detected"

# 2. Run storage verification
kimberlite-cli storage verify --replica-id 1 --full-scan

# 3. If corruption confirmed, restore from backup
kimberlite-cli storage restore \
    --replica-id 1 \
    --backup-source "s3://kimberlite-backups-prod/snapshots/snapshot-20260206-120000.tar.gz" \
    --verify-hash-chain

# 4. Rejoin cluster after verification
kimberlite-cli replica rejoin --replica-id 1

# 5. Post-incident analysis
# - Check disk SMART status
# - Review scrubbing logs
# - Update RCA document

Security Hardening

TLS Configuration

Mutual TLS (mTLS) for Cluster Communication:

# Generate CA certificate
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -days 3650 \
    -keyout ca-key.pem -out ca-cert.pem \
    -subj "/CN=Kimberlite CA" -nodes

# Generate replica certificates
for i in 0 1 2; do
    openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes \
        -keyout replica-$i-key.pem \
        -out replica-$i-csr.pem \
        -subj "/CN=replica-$i.kimberlite.prod"

    openssl x509 -req -in replica-$i-csr.pem \
        -CA ca-cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem \
        -CAcreateserial -days 365 \
        -out replica-$i-cert.pem
done

Firewall Rules

# iptables configuration (run on each replica)

# Allow cluster communication (port 7000)
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 7000 -s 10.0.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT

# Allow client connections (port 7001) from application subnet only
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 7001 -s 10.0.2.0/24 -j ACCEPT

# Allow monitoring (port 9090) from Prometheus only
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 9090 -s 10.0.3.10 -j ACCEPT

# Drop all other inbound traffic
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

Secrets Management

AWS Secrets Manager Integration:

# Store master encryption key in AWS Secrets Manager
aws secretsmanager create-secret \
    --name kimberlite/prod/master-key \
    --secret-string "$(openssl rand -base64 32)" \
    --kms-key-id alias/aws/secretsmanager \
    --region us-east-1

# Fetch at runtime (in kimberlite startup script)
export KIMBERLITE_MASTER_KEY=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value \
    --secret-id kimberlite/prod/master-key \
    --region us-east-1 \
    --query SecretString \
    --output text)

Compliance Validation

Pre-Production Compliance Checklist

HIPAA §164.312 (Technical Safeguards):

§312(a)(1): Access control (JWT auth + RBAC)
§312(a)(2)(iv): Encryption at rest (AES-256-GCM)
§312(b): Audit controls (immutable hash-chained logs)
§312(c)(1): Integrity controls (CRC32 checksums + hash chains)
§312(d): Transmission security (TLS 1.3)

GDPR Articles:

Article 25: Data protection by design (multi-tenant isolation)
Article 30: Records of processing activities (audit logs)
Article 32: Security of processing (encryption + formal verification)
Article 33: Breach notification (monitoring + alerting)

SOC 2 Trust Services Criteria:

CC6.1: Logical access controls (RBAC)
CC6.6: Encryption (AES-256-GCM, TLS 1.3)
CC7.1: System monitoring (Prometheus + Grafana)
CC7.2: Change management (rolling upgrades, version control)

Generating Compliance Reports

# Generate compliance report for HIPAA audit
kimberlite-cli compliance report \
    --framework HIPAA \
    --start-date 2025-01-01 \
    --end-date 2025-12-31 \
    --output /var/lib/kimberlite/reports/hipaa-2025.pdf

# Verify proof certificates (formal verification traceability)
kimberlite-cli compliance verify-certificates \
    --spec-dir /opt/kimberlite/specs \
    --output /var/lib/kimberlite/reports/certificates-verification.json

# Export audit logs for external SIEM
kimberlite-cli audit export \
    --start-date 2025-12-01 \
    --end-date 2025-12-31 \
    --format json \
    --output /var/lib/kimberlite/exports/audit-december-2025.json

Performance Tuning

Kernel Parameters (Linux)

# /etc/sysctl.d/99-kimberlite.conf

# Network tuning
net.core.rmem_max = 134217728
net.core.wmem_max = 134217728
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 67108864
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 67108864
net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle = 0

# Disk I/O
vm.dirty_ratio = 10
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 5
vm.swappiness = 10

# File descriptors
fs.file-max = 2097152

NVMe Tuning

# Optimal I/O scheduler for NVMe
echo none > /sys/block/nvme0n1/queue/scheduler

# Increase queue depth
echo 1024 > /sys/block/nvme0n1/queue/nr_requests

Troubleshooting

See: Operational Runbook for detailed troubleshooting procedures.

Common Issues:

High Replication Lag: Check network latency, disk IOPS
View Change Storms: Verify clock sync (<10ms offset)
Assertion Failures: CRITICAL - isolate replica, restore from backup
Disk Full: Trigger log compaction, expand storage

References

Configuration Reference: Configuration Guide
Monitoring Guide: Monitoring and Alerting
Security Guide: Security Best Practices
Runbook: Operational Runbook
Compliance: Compliance Certification Package
Formal Verification: Traceability Matrix

Last Updated: 2026-02-06 Version: 0.4.0 Validated For: HIPAA, GDPR, SOC 2, PCI DSS production deployments

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